Metabolism
Glycine cleavage system determines the fate of pluripotent stem cells via the regulation of senescence and epigenetic modificationsThe glycine cleavage system (GCS) is highly activated to promote stem cell pluripotency. The GCS catabolizes glycine to prevent methylglyoxal accumulation and to fuel H3K4me3 modification, promoting the expression of pluripotency genes.
Structural and functional characterization of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly factor Coa6The structures of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly factor Coa6 and a pathogenic mutant variant (W59CCoa6) are reported, providing molecular mechanisms for its mode of action and the loss-of-function mutation.
Ncl1-mediated metabolic rewiring critical during metabolic stressAccumulation of cysteine induces translational defects and metabolic rewiring that are abrogated by leucine in a transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferase NCL1-dependent manner in yeast.
Loss of PGC-1α in RPE induces mesenchymal transition and promotes retinal degenerationSustained loss of PGC-1α in RPE cells triggers mitochondrial/autophagic dysfunction and oxidative damage resulting in epithelial dedifferentiation and mesenchymal transition. RPE dysfunction caused by deletion of the PGC-1 coactivators in vivo causes retinal degeneration.
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA reversibly regulates locus-specific histone acetylation and gene expressionThis study shows that genetic or pharmacological manipulation of the TCA cycle, when mitochondria are dysfunctional, can modulate histone acetylation and gene expression in the nucleus with physiological outcomes.
Substrate fluxes in brown adipocytes upon adrenergic stimulation and uncoupling protein 1 ablationQuantification of substrate fluxes in brown adipocytes clarifies contributors to extracellular acidification, identifies a futile cycle of lipolysis and re-esterification, and suggests a role for glycogen during activation.
Mitochondrial ubiquinone–mediated longevity is marked by reduced cytoplasmic mRNA translationThis study uses polysomal RNA sequencing to show that the translational efficiency of specific mRNA changes in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans with reduced ubiquinone synthesis.
Vnn1 pantetheinase limits the Warburg effect and sarcoma growth by rescuing mitochondrial activityExpression of the Vnn1 pantetheinase by sarcomas is tumor suppressive by limiting the use of aerobic glycolysis for growth and rescuing mitochondrial activity through CoA regeneration.
Serine catabolism is essential to maintain mitochondrial respiration in mammalian cellsMitochondrial respiratory complex assembly requires the one-carbon unit generated from serine catabolism.