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Medical Research

  • Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens
    Open Access
    Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens

    Chelsea L Cockburn, Ryan S Green, Sheela R Damle, Rebecca K Martin, Naomi N Ghahrai, Punsiri M Colonne, Marissa S Fullerton, Daniel H Conrad, Charles E Chalfant, Daniel E Voth, Elizabeth A Rucks, Stacey D Gilk, Jason A Carlyon

    Chelsea L Cockburn ... Jason A Carlyon

    Published 22 March 2019

    Many intracellular pathogens hijack cholesterol. Inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase alters cholesterol traffic to target different intracellular bacteria, signifying a host-directed approach for treating infectious disease.

  • <em>PISD</em> is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts, and white matter changes
    Open Access
    PISD is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts, and white matter changes

    Tian Zhao, Caitlin M Goedhart, Pingdewinde N Sam, Rasha Sabouny, Susanne Lingrell, Adam J Cornish, Ryan E Lamont, Francois P Bernier, David Sinasac, Jillian S Parboosingh, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Jean E Vance, Steven M Claypool, A Micheil Innes, Timothy E Shutt

    Tian Zhao ... Timothy E Shutt

    Published 11 March 2019

    This work demonstrates that pathogenic variants in PISD cause mitochondrial disease and suggests a novel mechanistic link whereby impaired lipid content in the inner mitochondrial membrane alters the activity of inner mitochondrial membrane proteases.

  • Innate extracellular vesicles from melanoma patients suppress β-catenin in tumor cells by miRNA-34a
    Open Access
    Innate extracellular vesicles from melanoma patients suppress β-catenin in tumor cells by miRNA-34a

    Jung-Hyun Lee, Jochen Dindorf, Martin Eberhardt, Xin Lai, Christian Ostalecki, Nina Koliha, Stefani Gross, Katja Blume, Heiko Bruns, Stefan Wild, Gerold Schuler, Julio Vera, Andreas S Baur

    Jung-Hyun Lee ... Andreas S Baur

    Published 7 March 2019

    Operated cancer patients develop elevated levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in their blood stream, suppressing cancer cells through miRNA-34a.

  • Mucosa-associated microbiota drives pathogenic functions in IBD-derived intestinal iNKT cells
    Open Access
    Mucosa-associated microbiota drives pathogenic functions in IBD-derived intestinal iNKT cells

    Claudia Burrello, Gabriella Pellegrino, Maria Rita Giuffrè, Giulia Lovati, Ilaria Magagna, Alice Bertocchi, Fulvia Milena Cribiù, Francesca Boggio, Fiorenzo Botti, Elena Trombetta, Laura Porretti, Antonio Di Sabatino, Maurizio Vecchi, Maria Rescigno, Flavio Caprioli, Federica Facciotti

    Claudia Burrello ... Federica Facciotti

    Published 13 February 2019

    Pro-inflammatory iNKT cells are enriched in IBD patients’ lamina propria. Exposure to the mucosa-associated microbiota drives their activation, inducing pathogenic activities against the epithelium.

  • Chromosome alignment maintenance requires the MAP RECQL4, mutated in the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
    Open Access
    Chromosome alignment maintenance requires the MAP RECQL4, mutated in the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome

    Hideki Yokoyama, Daniel Moreno-Andres, Susanne A Astrinidis, Yuqing Hao, Marion Weberruss, Anna K Schellhaus, Hongqi Lue, Yoshikazu Haramoto, Oliver J Gruss, Wolfram Antonin

    Hideki Yokoyama ... Wolfram Antonin

    Published 4 February 2019

    RECQL4, which is mutated in the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome characterized by premature aging and cancer susceptibility, is a microtubule-associated protein required for mitotic chromosome alignment.

  • Peroxisome biogenesis deficiency attenuates the BDNF-TrkB pathway-mediated development of the cerebellum
    Open Access
    Peroxisome biogenesis deficiency attenuates the BDNF-TrkB pathway-mediated development of the cerebellum

    Yuichi Abe, Masanori Honsho, Ryota Itoh, Ryoko Kawaguchi, Masashi Fujitani, Kazushirou Fujiwara, Masaaki Hirokane, Takashi Matsuzaki, Keiko Nakayama, Ryohei Ohgi, Toshihiro Marutani, Keiichi I Nakayama, Toshihide Yamashita, Yukio Fujiki

    Yuichi Abe ... Yukio Fujiki

    Published 3 December 2018

    Peroxisome biogenesis deficiency leads to increased expression of BDNF and of a truncated form of the BDNF receptor in the cerebellum, attenuates BDNF-TrkB signaling, and results in malformation of the cerebellum.

  • Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC
    Open Access
    Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC

    Stefan Schierer, Christian Ostalecki, Elisabeth Zinser, Ricarda Lamprecht, Bianca Plosnita, Lena Stich, Jan Dörrie, Manfred B Lutz, Gerold Schuler, Andreas S Baur

    Stefan Schierer ... Andreas S Baur

    Published 3 December 2018

    Mature dendritic cells (DC) secrete substantial amounts of vesicles that are primarily ingested by monocytes, leading to differentiation processes in these target cells towards monocyte-derived DC.

  • Loss of HDAC11 ameliorates clinical symptoms in a multiple sclerosis mouse model
    Open Access
    Loss of HDAC11 ameliorates clinical symptoms in a multiple sclerosis mouse model

    Lei Sun, Elphine Telles, Molly Karl, Fengdong Cheng, Noreen Luetteke, Eduardo M Sotomayor, Robert H Miller, Edward Seto

    Lei Sun ... Edward Seto

    Published 24 September 2018

    In an animal model for multiple sclerosis, the absence of HDAC11 reduces clinical severity, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration, suggesting that HDAC11 is a promising target for MS treatment.

  • Identification of <em>Plasmodium</em> GAPDH epitopes for generation of antibodies that inhibit malaria infection
    Open Access
    Identification of Plasmodium GAPDH epitopes for generation of antibodies that inhibit malaria infection

    Sung-Jae Cha, Kyle Jarrod McLean, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena

    Sung-Jae Cha ... Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena

    Published 18 September 2018

    This study reports on the identification of two Plasmodium GAPDH epitope peptides that are responsible for sporozoite–Kupffer cell interaction and act as antigens against malaria infection.

  • Discovery of a cofactor-independent inhibitor of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> InhA
    Open Access
    Discovery of a cofactor-independent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA

    Yi Xia, Yasheen Zhou, David S Carter, Matthew B McNeil, Wai Choi, Jason Halladay, Pamela W Berry, Weimin Mao, Vincent Hernandez, Theresa O'Malley, Aaron Korkegian, Bjorn Sunde, Lindsay Flint, Lisa K Woolhiser, Michael S Scherman, Veronica Gruppo, Courtney Hastings, Gregory T Robertson, Thomas R Ioerger, Jim Sacchettini, Peter J Tonge, Anne J Lenaerts, Tanya Parish, MRK Alley

    Yi Xia ... MRK Alley

    Published 1 June 2018

    AN12855 is a novel cofactor-independent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA. AN12855 has potent activity against M. tuberculosis, good oral bioavailability, and comparable efficacy to isoniazid in infection models.

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