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Medical Research

  • Paneth cell α-defensin misfolding correlates with dysbiosis and ileitis in Crohn’s disease model mice
    Open Access
    Paneth cell α-defensin misfolding correlates with dysbiosis and ileitis in Crohn’s disease model mice

    Yu Shimizu, Kiminori Nakamura, Aki Yoshii, Yuki Yokoi, Mani Kikuchi, Ryuga Shinozaki, Shunta Nakamura, Shuya Ohira, Rina Sugimoto, Tokiyoshi Ayabe

    Yu Shimizu ... Tokiyoshi Ayabe

    Published 28 April 2020

    This study provides novel insight into Crohn’s disease where α-defensin misfolding resulting from excessive ER stress in Paneth cells induces dysbiosis and disease progression.

  • Dynamic changes in the regulatory T-cell heterogeneity and function by murine IL-2 mutein
    Open Access
    Dynamic changes in the regulatory T-cell heterogeneity and function by murine IL-2 mutein

    Daniel R Lu, Hao Wu, Ian Driver, Sarah Ingersoll, Sue Sohn, Songli Wang, Chi-Ming Li, Hyewon Phee

    Daniel R Lu ... Hyewon Phee

    Published 8 April 2020

    Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that IL-2 mutein treatment expands multiple sub-states of regulatory T cells with superior suppressive function in mice.

  • Keratinocyte interleukin-36 receptor expression orchestrates psoriasiform inflammation in mice
    Open Access
    Keratinocyte interleukin-36 receptor expression orchestrates psoriasiform inflammation in mice

    Yasmina E Hernández-Santana, Gemma Leon, David St Leger, Padraic G Fallon, Patrick T Walsh

    Yasmina E Hernández-Santana ... Patrick T Walsh

    Published 21 February 2020

    IL-36 stimulation of keratinocytes orchestrates key pathogenic inflammatory responses in psoriatic skin.

  • TRAP1 chaperone protein mutations and autoinflammation
    Open Access
    TRAP1 chaperone protein mutations and autoinflammation

    Ariane SI Standing, Ying Hong, Coro Paisan-Ruiz, Ebun Omoyinmi, Alan Medlar, Horia Stanescu, Robert Kleta, Dorota Rowcenzio, Philip Hawkins, Helen Lachmann, Michael F McDermott, Despina Eleftheriou, Nigel Klein, Paul A Brogan

    Ariane SI Standing ... Paul A Brogan

    Published 27 December 2019

    This study identifies patients with autoinflammation and mutations affecting the mitochondrial/ER protein chaperone TRAP1, either alone or digenic, with MEFV mutation possibly synergizing to produce severe disease. TRAP1 mutations lead to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and may contribute to autoinflammation.

  • aYAP modRNA reduces cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy in a murine ischemia-reperfusion model
    Open Access
    aYAP modRNA reduces cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy in a murine ischemia-reperfusion model

    Jinmiao Chen, Qing Ma, Justin S King, Yan Sun, Bing Xu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Sylvia Zohrabian, Haipeng Guo, Wenqing Cai, Gavin Li, Ivone Bruno, John P Cooke, Chunsheng Wang, Maria Kontaridis, Da-Zhi Wang, Hongbo Luo, William T Pu, Zhiqiang Lin

    Jinmiao Chen ... Zhiqiang Lin

    Published 16 December 2019

    Transient activation of YAP with a modified mRNA after ischemia-reperfusion stress reduces cardiac inflammation, attenuates cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and helps to salvage the myocardium.

  • Expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase relates to monocyte dysfunction and severity of cirrhosis
    Open Access
    Expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase relates to monocyte dysfunction and severity of cirrhosis

    Robert Brenig, Oltin T Pop, Evangelos Triantafyllou, Anne Geng, Arjuna Singanayagam, Christian Perez-Shibayama, Lenka Besse, Jovana Cupovic, Patrizia Künzler, Tuyana Boldanova, Stephan Brand, David Semela, François HT Duong, Christopher J Weston, Burkhard Ludewig, Markus H Heim, Julia Wendon, Charalambos G Antoniades, Christine Bernsmeier

    Robert Brenig ... Christine Bernsmeier

    Published 10 December 2019

    Immune dysfunction determines morbidity and mortality in liver cirrhosis. Distinct AXL-expressing circulating monocytes, which regulate antimicrobial responses, expand with progression of the disease.

  • Thymosin β4 promotes autophagy and repair via HIF-1α stabilization in chronic granulomatous disease
    Open Access
    Thymosin β4 promotes autophagy and repair via HIF-1α stabilization in chronic granulomatous disease

    Giorgia Renga, Vasilis Oikonomou, Silvia Moretti, Claudia Stincardini, Marina M Bellet, Marilena Pariano, Andrea Bartoli, Stefano Brancorsini, Paolo Mosci, Andrea Finocchi, Paolo Rossi, Claudio Costantini, Enrico Garaci, Allan L Goldstein, Luigina Romani

    Giorgia Renga ... Luigina Romani

    Published 12 November 2019

    This study demonstrates that thymosin β4 stabilizes HIF-1a to promote autophagy and up-regulate genes involved in tissue and mucosal barrier protection in chronic granulomatous disease.

  • Plasmalogen loss caused by remodeling deficiency in mitochondria
    Open Access
    Plasmalogen loss caused by remodeling deficiency in mitochondria

    Tomohiro Kimura, Atsuko K Kimura, Mindong Ren, Vernon Monteiro, Yang Xu, Bob Berno, Michael Schlame, Richard M Epand

    Tomohiro Kimura ... Richard M Epand

    Published 21 August 2019

    31P NMR unveils cell type–dependent losses of plasmalogen in the chain remodeling–deficient brain, liver, kidney, and lymphoblast in association with aberrant mitochondrial function and morphology.

  • Human organotypic brain slice culture: a novel framework for environmental research in neuro-oncology
    Open Access
    Human organotypic brain slice culture: a novel framework for environmental research in neuro-oncology

    Vidhya M Ravi, Kevin Joseph, Julian Wurm, Simon Behringer, Nicklas Garrelfs, Paolo d’Errico, Yashar Naseri, Pamela Franco, Melanie Meyer-Luehmann, Roman Sankowski, Mukesch Johannes Shah, Irina Mader, Daniel Delev, Marie Follo, Jürgen Beck, Oliver Schnell, Ulrich G Hofmann, Dieter Henrik Heiland

    Vidhya M Ravi ... Dieter Henrik Heiland

    Published 27 June 2019

    Therapeutically resected, adult brain segments were maintained and characterized for an extended period to study glioblastoma progression and treatment in its almost natural environment.

  • An N-terminal–truncated isoform of FAM134B (FAM134B-2) regulates starvation-induced hepatic selective ER-phagy
    Open Access
    An N-terminal–truncated isoform of FAM134B (FAM134B-2) regulates starvation-induced hepatic selective ER-phagy

    Shohei Kohno, Yuji Shiozaki, Audrey L Keenan, Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai, Makoto Miyazaki

    Shohei Kohno ... Makoto Miyazaki

    Published 17 May 2019

    This study has identified a novel truncated isoform of FAM134B (FAM134B-2) that regulates starvation-induced selective ER-phagy of secretory proteins such as ApoCIII through the activation of C/EBPβ.

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