Identification of cis-acting sites for condensin loading onto budding yeast chromosomes
- Claudio D’Ambrosio1,
- Christine Katrin Schmidt1,
- Yuki Katou2,
- Gavin Kelly3,
- Takehiko Itoh4,
- Katsuhiko Shirahige2, and
- Frank Uhlmann1,5
- 1 Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom;
- 2 Laboratory of Chromosome Structure and Function, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan;
- 3 Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Service, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom;
- 4 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8141, Japan
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes reach their stable rod-shaped appearance in mitosis in a reaction dependent on the evolutionarily conserved condensin complex. Little is known about how and where condensin associates with chromosomes. Here, we analyze condensin binding to budding yeast chromosomes using high-resolution oligonucleotide tiling arrays. Condensin-binding sites coincide with those of the loading factor Scc2/4 of the related cohesin complex. The sites map to tRNA and other genes bound by the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIC, and ribosomal protein and SNR genes. An ectopic B-box element, recognized by TFIIIC, constitutes a minimal condensin-binding site, and TFIIIC and the Scc2/4 complex promote functional condensin association with chromosomes. A similar pattern of condensin binding is conserved along fission yeast chromosomes. This reveals that TFIIIC-binding sites, including tRNA genes, constitute a hitherto unknown chromosomal feature with important implications for chromosome architecture during both interphase and mitosis.
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Footnotes
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↵5 Corresponding author.
↵5 E-MAIL frank.uhlmann{at}cancer.org.uk; FAX 44-207-269-3258.
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Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.
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Article is online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.1675708.
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- Received March 18, 2008.
- Accepted June 25, 2008.
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Freely available online through the Genes & Development Open Access option.
- Copyright © 2008, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press