Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the major issues in nosocomial infections.
This bacterium is constantly evolving and poses complex challenges for clinicians, often …

Bacterial protein toxins are secreted by certain bacteria and are responsible for mild to
severe diseases in humans and animals. They are among the most potent molecules …

Hemorrhagic toxin (TcsH) is a major virulence factor produced by Paeniclostridium sordellii,
which is a non-negligible threat to women undergoing childbirth or abortions. Recently …

Paeniclostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL) is a potent exotoxin that causes lethal toxic
shock syndrome associated with fulminant bacterial infections. TcsL belongs to the large …

The G protein-coupled receptors of the Frizzled (FZD) family, in particular FZD 1, 2, 7, are
receptors that are exploited by Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB), the major virulence …

Crystal structures of camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (VHHs) bound to
fragments of the combined repetitive oligopeptides domain of Clostridioides difficile toxin A …

Genetic screen technology has been applied to study the mechanism of action of bacterial
toxins—a special class of virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis caused by …

Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are two key virulence factors secreted by Clostridioides
difficile, which is listed as an urgent threat by the CDC. These two large homologous …

Research on the human gut pathogen Clostridioides (C.) difficile and its toxins continues to
attract much attention as a consequence of the threat to human health posed by …

The intestinal microbiome (IM) is decisive for the human host's health. Numerous microbiota
drive the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), the third-most common cancer worldwide …