Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are vital components of liquid biopsies for diagnosis of
residual cancer, monitoring of therapy response, and prognosis of recurrence. Scientific …

Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity contribute to the generation of diverse tumor cell
populations, thus enhancing cancer aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Compared to …

Cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, promote tumor progression through
enhancing tumor growth, initiating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, remodeling the …

Simple Summary Normal epithelial cells in our organs are surrounded by stroma, which is
an ecosystem made up of a variety of cells and proteins that support their intended functions …

Simple Summary Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters) seem to play a primary role in
the metastatic spread of cancer, the main cause of death associated with this disease. The …

The metastatic process is arduous. Cancer cells must escape the confines of the primary
tumor, make their way into and travel through the circulation, then survive and proliferate in …

Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult
tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionary conserved phenomenon, has
been extensively studied to address the unresolved variable treatment response across …

Tumours are complex systems with dynamic interactions between tumour cells, non-tumour
cells, and extracellular components that comprise the tumour microenvironment (TME). The …

Background Recent studies have shown that chemotherapy destabilizes the blood
vasculature and increases circulating tumor cell (CTC) influx into the circulation of metastatic …