The complexity of organogenesis hinders in vitro generation of organs derived from a patient's
pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), an ultimate goal of regenerative medicine. Mouse wild-type …

Bone remodeling is performed by osteoclasts and osteoblasts at the bone surface. Inside of
bone is a network of numerous osteocytes, whose specific function has remained an enigma…

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of sperm and eggs, are established in
perigastrulation-stage embryos in mammals. Signals from extra-embryonic tissues induce a unique …

Human primordial germ cells (hPGCs), the precursors of sperm and eggs, originate during
weeks 2–3 of early post-implantation development 1 . Using in vitro models of hPGC …

Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) marks the beginning of the totipotent state.
However, without a tractable experimental model, the mechanism of human PGC (hPGC) …

Background Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a primary mediator of
retinal angiogenesis, VEGF inhibition alone is insufficient to prevent retinal neovascularization. …

The ectopic expression of transcription factors can reprogram differentiated tissue cells into
induced pluripotent stem cells. However, this is a slow and inefficient process, depending on …

We recently derived mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from individual blastomeres
by inhibiting the critical molecular pathways that predispose their differentiation. EPSCs …

In the field of regenerative medicine, one of the ultimate goals is to generate functioning
organs from pluripotent cells, such as ES cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We …

Islet transplantation is an established therapy for diabetes. We have previously shown that
rat pancreata can be created from rat pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice through …