Although glioblastomas show the same histologic phenotype, biological hallmarks such as
growth and differentiation properties vary considerably between individual cases. To …

An acidic extracellular pH is a fundamental property of the malignant phenotype. In von
Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-defective tumors the cell surface transmembrane carbonic anhydrase (CA) …

The prognosis of patients suffering from glioblastoma (GBM) is dismal despite multimodal
therapy. Although chemotherapy with temozolomide may contain tumor growth for some …

Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is known to suppress the immune response to
cancer cells and plays a pivotal role in tumor progression by regulating key mechanisms …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor that also induces
vascular permeability and macrophage migration. VEGF expression is weak in normal adult …

Purpose In patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma that harbors a nonmethylated O 6 -methylguanine–DNA
methyltransferase promotor, standard temozolomide (TMZ) has, at best, …

The active lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by blood-brain-barrier (BBB)
breakdown, upregulation of adhesion molecules on capillary endothelial cells, and …

Objective In glioma surgery, the extent of resection (EOR) is one important predictor of
progression-free survival. In 2006, fluorescence-guided surgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-…

High‐grade oligodendroglial tumors, that is, anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors and
glioblastomas with oligodendroglial component, differ significantly in terms of prognosis and …

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is over-expressed in glioblastoma; however, its functions in this
context are unknown. Metabolically, glioblastomas are highly glycolytic, leading to a …