Frizzled family proteins have been described as receptors of Wnt signaling molecules. In
Drosophila, the two known Frizzled proteins are associated with distinct developmental …

Cystic renal diseases are caused by mutations of proteins that share a unique subcellular
localization: the primary cilium of tubular epithelial cells 1 . Mutations of the ciliary protein …

The tissue polarity genes of Drosophila are required for correct establishment of planar
polarity in epidermal structures 1,2 , which in the eye is shown in the mirror-image symmetric …

Most, if not all, cell types and tissues display several aspects of polarization. In addition to the
ubiquitous epithelial cell polarity along the apical-basolateral axis, many epithelial tissues …

The cytoplasmic protein Dishevelled (Dvl) and the associated membrane-bound receptor
Frizzled (Fz) are essential in canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. However, …

Signalling through Frizzled (Fz)/planar cell polarity (PCP) is a conserved mechanism that
polarizes cells along specific axes in a tissue. Genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster …

The Drosophila seven-up (svp) gene was isolated as a lethal insertion in an “enhancer trap”
screen. It is expressed and required in photoreceptor cell precursors RI, R3, R4, and R6 …

Environmental and genetic aberrations lead to neural tube closure defects (NTDs) in 1 out of
every 1,000 births 1 . Mouse and frog models for these birth defects have indicated that Van …

The human tumor suppressor gene PTEN encodes a putative cytoskeleton-associated
molecule with both protein phosphatase and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) 3-…

Many types of cell show different aspects of polarization. Epithelial cells display a ubiquitous
apical–basolateral polarity but often are also polarized in the plane of the epithelium – a …