Formaldehyde is the simplest of all aldehydes and is highly cytotoxic. Its use and associated
dangers from environmental exposure have been well documented. Detoxification systems …

When studied from the perspective of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) it is apparent
that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has undergone a biphasic evolutionary process involving …

The causative agents of leptospirosis are responsible for an emerging zoonotic disease
worldwide. One of the major routes of transmission for leptospirosis is the natural environment …

Leptospira (L.) interrogans are bacteria responsible for a worldwide reemerging zoonosis.
Some animals asymptomatically carry L. interrogans in their kidneys and excrete bacteria in …

Meningococci spread via respiratory droplets, whereas the closely related gonococci are
transmitted sexually. Several outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease have been …

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and N. gonorrhoeae (Ng) are adapted to different environments
within their human host. If the basis of this difference has not yet been fully understood, …

By phylogenetic analysis, Mycobacterium kansasii is closely related to Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Yet, although both organisms cause pulmonary disease, M. tuberculosis is a global …

Metal acquisition is crucial for all cells and for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. In
particular, nickel is a virulence determinant for the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter …

Rod-shaped bacteria typically elongate and divide by transverse fission. However, several
bacterial species can form rod-shaped cells that divide longitudinally. Here, we study the …

Mycobacteria produce an unusual, glycolylated form of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is
more potent and efficacious at inducing NOD2-mediated host responses. We tested the …