Because of species selectivity, HIV research is largely restricted to in vitro or clinical studies,
both limited in their ability to rapidly assess new strategies to fight the virus. To prospectively …

Chronic immune activation is a major cause for progressive immunodeficiency in human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection. The underlying trigger, however, remains largely …

TLRs trigger innate immunity by recognizing conserved motifs of microorganisms. Recently,
ssRNAs from HIV and influenza virus were shown to trigger TLR7 and 8. Thus, we …

Background Humanized mice generate a lymphoid system of human origin subsequent to
transplantation of human CD34+ cells and thus are highly susceptible to HIV infection. Here …

We previously showed that the TLR7/8 agonist, R-848, activated HIV from cells of myeloid-monocytic
origin. In this work, we show that this effect was solely due to triggering TLR8 and …

Bacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV
infection and are thought to determine disease progression. Intestinal barrier integrity is …

Background Humanized mice (hu mice) are based on the transplantation of hematopoietic
stem and progenitor cells into immunodeficient mice and have become important pre-clinical …

HIV and EBV are human pathogens that cause a considerable burden to worldwide health.
In combination, these viruses are linked to AIDS-associated lymphomas. We found that EBV, …

Macrophages must react to a large number of pathogens and their effects. In chronic HIV
infection, the microenvironment changes with an influx of microbial products that trigger Toll-…

Today's gold standard in HIV therapy is combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). It requires
strict adherence by patients and lifelong medication, which can lower the viral load below …