Thymosin alpha1 (Tα1), an endogenous peptide first isolated from the thymic tissue in the
mid-sixties, has gained considerable attention for its immunostimulatory activity that led to its …

The organisms of most domains of life have adapted to circadian changes of the environment
and regulate their behavior and physiology accordingly. A particular case of such …

Inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), a multisystem
disease. Anti-inflammatory therapies are, therefore, of interest in CF, provided that the …

Background Despite the great success, the therapeutic benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) in cancer immunotherapy are limited by either various resistance mechanisms or …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a long-term liver disease characterized by a progressive
course of cholestasis with liver inflammation and fibrosis. Intestinal barrier dysfunction …

The aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is essentially metabolized along the host and
microbial pathways. While much is known about the role played by downstream metabolites of …

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal infection caused by Candida spp., most
frequently by Candida albicans, which may become recurrent and severely impacting the …

Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions associated with the conformational
conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into PrP Sc , a self-replicating isoform (prion) …

Inflammasomes are powerful cytosolic sensors of environmental stressors and are critical for
triggering interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated inflammatory responses. However, dysregulation of …

Autophagy selectively degrades aggregation-prone misfolded proteins caused by defective
cellular proteostasis. However, the complexity of autophagy may prevent the full …