1Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Neurosicence Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Radiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
© 2017 The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology
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Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
LGG, low grade glioma; PXA, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma; GG, ganglioglioma; DA, diffuse astrocytoma; PA, pilocytic astrocytoma; AG, angiocentric glioma; DNT, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor; HGG, high grade glioma; ST, supratentorial; PF, posterior fossa; E, ependymoma; WNT, wingless signaling pathway; i, isochromosome; AT/RT, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; ETMR, embryonal tumor with multilayer rosettes.
PA, pilocytic astrocytoma; PXA, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma; DA, diffuse astrocytoma; AA, anaplastic astrocytoma; GBM, glioblastoma; DMG, diffuse midline glioma; HGG, high grade glioma; ODG, oligodendroglioma; MB, medulloblastomas; AT/RT, atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor; WHO, World Health Organization; IHC, immunohistochemistry; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; CGH, comparative genomic hybridization; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; -, not known; MSP-PCR, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.
Antibody | Positive loci | Mutated gene status | Positive result | Tumors |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATRX | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma |
β-Catenin | Nucleus | Gain of function mutation | Focal positive | WNT type medulloblastoma, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma |
BRAF VE1 (BRAF V600E) | Cytoplasm | Gain of function mutation | Positive | Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, epithelioid glioblastoma, papillary craniopharyngioma |
BRG1 | Nucleus | Gain of function mutation | Negative | Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor |
CIC | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Oligodendroglioma (47%) [15] |
c-MET | Membrane | Overexpression | Positive | Glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma |
EGFR | Membrane | Overexpression | Positive | Glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma |
EGFRvIII | Membrane | Overexpression | Positive | Glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma |
H3 K27M | Nucleus | Gain of function mutation | Positive | Diffuse midline glioma |
FUBP1 | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Oligodendroglioma (16%) [15] |
IDH1 (H09) | Nucleus and cytoplasm | Gain of function mutation | Positive | Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma |
INI1 | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor |
P16 | Nucleus and cytoplasm | Loss of function mutation | Negative | High grade glioma |
P53 | Nucleus | Overexpression | Positive | Astrocytic tumors |
PDGFRA | Membrane | Overexpression | Positive | Glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma |
PTEN | Cytoplasm | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Glioblastoma |
RELA (NFKB3) | Cytoplasm | Gain of function mutation | Positive | Cerebral ependymoma |
STAT6 | Nucleus | Gain of function mutation | Positive | Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma |
MLH1 | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Gliomas |
MSH2 | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Gliomas |
PMS2 | Nucleus | Loss of function mutation | Negative | Gliomas |
Ki67 | Nucleus | Overexpression | Positive | Brain tumors (for an ancillary test for tumor grading) |
pHH3 | Nucleus | Overexpression | Positive | Brain tumors (for counting mitoses) |
GFAP | Nucleus | Expression | Positive | Astrocytic tumors |
Olig2 | Nucleus | Expression | Positive | Gliomas including astrocytomas and oligodendroglioma |
Neither neuronal nor ependymal tumors |