Neuron
Volume 68, Issue 4, 18 November 2010, Pages 654-667
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Article
Sortilin-Mediated Endocytosis Determines Levels of the Frontotemporal Dementia Protein, Progranulin

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Summary

The most common inherited form of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) known stems from Progranulin (GRN) mutation and exhibits TDP-43 plus ubiquitin aggregates. Despite the causative role of GRN haploinsufficiency in FTLD-TDP, the neurobiology of this secreted glycoprotein is unclear. Here, we examined PGRN binding to the cell surface. PGRN binds to cortical neurons via its C terminus, and unbiased expression cloning identifies Sortilin (Sort1) as a binding site. Sort1−/− neurons exhibit reduced PGRN binding. In the CNS, Sortilin is expressed by neurons and PGRN is most strongly expressed by activated microglial cells after injury. Sortilin rapidly endocytoses and delivers PGRN to lysosomes. Mice lacking Sortilin have elevations in brain and serum PGRN levels of 2.5- to 5-fold. The 50% PGRN decrease causative in FTLD-TDP cases is mimicked in GRN+/− mice, and is fully normalized by Sort1 ablation. Sortilin-mediated PGRN endocytosis is likely to play a central role in FTLD-TDP pathophysiology.

Highlights

► An unbiased screen identifies Sortilin as a high-affinity binding site for PGRN ► PGRN is secreted by microglia and binds to neuronal Sortilin ► PGRN is rapidly internalized after binding to Sortilin and accumulates to lysosomes ► Mice lacking Sort1 have greater than 2-fold elevation of PGRN levels

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These authors contributed equally to this work