Molecular Cell
Volume 45, Issue 4, 24 February 2012, Pages 439-446
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Review
Conservation between the RNA Polymerase I, II, and III Transcription Initiation Machineries

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Recent studies of the three eukaryotic transcription machineries revealed that all initiation complexes share a conserved core. This core consists of the RNA polymerase (I, II, or III), the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), and transcription factors TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIF (for Pol II) or proteins structurally and functionally related to parts of these factors (for Pol I and Pol III). The conserved core initiation complex stabilizes the open DNA promoter complex and directs initial RNA synthesis. The periphery of the core initiation complex is decorated by additional polymerase-specific factors that account for functional differences in promoter recognition and opening, and gene class-specific regulation. This review outlines the similarities and differences between these important molecular machines.

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Present address: Section of Structural Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK