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Sphingolipids in Disease pp 321–340Cite as

Viral Infections and Sphingolipids

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 216))

Abstract

Besides their essential role in the immune system, sphingolipids and their metabolites are potential key regulators in the life cycle of obligatory intracellular pathogens such as viruses. They are involved in lateral and vertical segregation of receptors required for attachment, membrane fusion and endocytosis, as well as in the intracellular replication, assembly and release of viruses. Glycosphingolipids may themselves act as receptors for viruses, such as Galactosylceramide for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, sphingolipids and their metabolites are inseparably interwoven in signal transduction processes, dynamic alterations of the cytoskeleton, and the regulation of innate and intrinsic responses of infected target cells. Depending on the nature of the intracellular pathogen, they may support or inhibit infections. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms depending on the specific virus, immune control, and type of disease may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

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Abbreviations

ASMase:

Acidic sphingomyelinase

bSMase:

Bacterial sphingomyelinase

BVDV:

Bovine viral diarrhea virus

CRAC:

Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+

DC:

Dendritic cell

DC-SIGN:

DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin

DRM:

Detergent-resistant membrane domain

Gal-Cer:

Galactosylceramide

Gb3:

Gal1α1-4Gal1β1-4 glucosyl ceramide or globotriaosylceramide, also referred to as pk blood group antigen or CD77

Gb4Cer:

Globotetraosylceramide

GSL:

Glycosphingolipid

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HCMV:

Human cytomegalovirus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

JEV:

Japanese encephalitis virus

LCMV:

Lmphocytic choriomeningitis virus

MV:

Measles virus

NEM:

N-ethylmaleimide

NSMase:

Neutral sphingomyelinase

PPMP:

1-Phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

RV:

Rhinovirus

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

S1P:

Sphingosine 1-phosphate

SINV:

Sindbis virus

SMase:

Sphingomyelinase

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support of their laboratory research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies & Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies

Authors
  1. Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies
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  2. Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
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Correspondence to Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany

    Erich Gulbins

  2. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, W. Walnut Street 980, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Irina Petrache

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Schneider-Schaulies, J., Schneider-Schaulies, S. (2013). Viral Infections and Sphingolipids. In: Gulbins, E., Petrache, I. (eds) Sphingolipids in Disease. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 216. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_16

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