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Mouse Development pp 1–21Cite as

Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression During Mouse Oogenesis

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Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 55))

Abstract

Post-transcriptional mechanisms play a central role in regulating gene expression during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Growing oocytes accumulate an enormous quantity of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), but transcription decreases dramatically near the end of growth and is undetectable during meiotic maturation. Following fertilization, the embryo is initially transcriptionally inactive and then becomes active at a species-specific stage of early cleavage. Meanwhile, beginning during maturation and continuing after fertilization, the oocyte mRNAs are eliminated, allowing the embryonic genome to assume control of development. How the mammalian oocyte manages the storage, translation, and degradation of the huge quantity and diversity of mRNAs that it harbours has been the focus of enormous research effort and is the subject of this review. We discuss the roles of sequences within the 3′-untranslated region of certain mRNAs and the proteins that bind to them, sequence-non-specific RNA-binding proteins, and recent studies implicating ribonucleoprotein processing (P-) bodies and cytoplasmic lattices. We also discuss mechanisms that may control the temporally regulated translational activation of different mRNAs during meiotic maturation, as well as the signals that trigger silencing and degradation of the oocyte mRNAs. We close by highlighting areas for future research including the potential key role of small RNAs in regulating gene expression in oocytes.

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Acknowledgements

Work in the author’s laboratory is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, as well as by funds from the Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University Health Centre Foundations. The MUHC Research Institute is supported by the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec. Thanks to Professor Marco Conti (University of California at San Francisco) for comments and suggestions on the manuscript. I apologize to those whose work could not be cited owing to space limitations.

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  1. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biology, and Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, F3.50, Women’s Pavilion, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 av. des Pins O, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A1A1

    Hugh J. Clarke

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  1. Hugh J. Clarke
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Correspondence to Hugh J. Clarke .

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  1. CNRS UMR 6061, Fac. Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes CX, 35043, France

    Jacek Z. Kubiak

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Clarke, H.J. (2012). Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression During Mouse Oogenesis. In: Kubiak, J. (eds) Mouse Development. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_1

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