Regular ArticleImpairment of the Blood–Nerve and Blood–Brain Barriers in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
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Vascular ApoE4 Impairs Behavior by Modulating Gliovascular Function
2021, NeuronCitation Excerpt :First, the phenotypes related to VMC-derived apoE were determined by comparing phenotypes in iE/Cre+ mice with those in iE/Cre− mice (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and S1–S5), both of which have the background of murine apoE deficiency. Several phenotypes including cognitive decline, synaptic degeneration (Masliah et al., 1995), BBB dysfunction (Bell et al., 2012; Fullerton et al., 2001), and hypercholesterolemia are reported in the absence of murine apoE. Thus, there is a possibility that subtle phenotypes mediated by VMC-derived apoE were not captured in the presence of phenotypes related to murine Apoe knockout.
ApoE and cerebral insulin: Trafficking, receptors, and resistance
2020, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :ApoE levels in the CSF are approximately 10-fold less than in the plasma (Chernick et al., 2019) but the correlation between apoE levels in these two pools is weak (Cruchaga et al., 2012). Regardless, apoE is important for BBB repair after injury (Bell et al., 2012; Donahue and Johanson, 2008; Fullerton et al., 2001). Here, we review the literature supporting the link between CNS insulin and apoE.
Peripheral versus central nervous system APOE in Alzheimer's disease: Interplay across the blood-brain barrier
2019, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :In particular, APOE4 increases the prevalence and severity of CAA [96,97]. In animal models, early studies indicated that ApoE deficiency leads to damage of the BBB [91,98–100]. More recently, it has been shown that the influence of APOE on BBB integrity, as well as cerebral blood flow, is isoform-dependent [101–103].
ApoE elevation is associated with the persistence of psychotic experiences from age 12 to age 18: Evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort
2019, Schizophrenia ResearchCitation Excerpt :ApoE is also relevant to psychosis risk through its impact on the integrity of the blood brain barrier (implicated in schizophrenia) (Pollak et al., 2018). ApoE knockout mice exhibit impaired blood-brain barrier integrity (Fullerton et al., 2001) and knockout mice are also vulnerable to psychosis-related behavioural responses following administration of human NMDAR-AB (Hammer et al., 2014). Finally, plasma apoE levels impact on cognition and synaptic function (Lane-Donovan et al., 2016), findings which may be relevant to the cognitive changes found among CHR subjects who transition to psychotic disorder (disorganized communication, poor social functioning and verbal memory deficits in particular) (Addington et al., 2017) and among subjects who report psychotic experiences at age 11 (processing speed and attention in particular) (Niarchou et al., 2013).