Immunology
Sustained Helicobacter pylori infection accelerates gastric dysplasia in a mouse modelHp infection was found to alter metaplasia and accelerate dysplasia in mice. Thus, Hp can promote gastric preneoplastic progression, in addition to its known role in initiating chronic inflammation.
Meningeal lymphoid structures are activated under acute and chronic spinal cord pathologiesWe found that acute insult to the central nervous system induces the formation of lymphocyte aggregates reminiscent of tertiary lymphoid structures within the spinal cord meninges. Unlike draining CNS-cervical lymph nodes, meningeal lymphocytes are locally activated during neuro-inflammtion and neurodegeneration.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of human breast tumour-infiltrating immune cells reveals a γδ T-cell subtype associated with good clinical outcomeSingle-cell sequencing of γδ-T cells from human blood and tumours revealed novel markers of subtypes with distinct effector functions and a subtype that is associated with favourable clinical outcome.
G-CSF shifts erythropoiesis from bone marrow into spleen in the setting of systemic inflammationGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor suppresses erythropoiesis of bone marrow and promotes splenic erythropoiesis during lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in mice.
Interferon lambda 4 can directly activate human CD19+ B cells and CD8+ T cellsDirect effects of IFNλ4 on CD8+ T cells can link the IFNλ4 genotype to differential clearance of hepatitis C virus infections.
Leishmania-infected macrophages release extracellular vesicles that can promote lesion developmentMacrophages infected with Leishmania donovani release extracellular vesicles that are composed of parasite and host-derived molecules that have the potential to induce vascular changes in tissues.
Neurturin regulates the lung-resident macrophage inflammatory response to viral infectionThe neurotrophic factor RET is induced in lung macrophages by viral triggers and activation via its ligand neurturin regulates matrix proteins and cytokines that shape the inflammatory response.
Human G-MDSCs are neutrophils at distinct maturation stages promoting tumor growth in breast cancerThis study shows that immunosuppressive primary breast cancer patient–derived G-MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) are neutrophils at a range of maturations stages, and provides in vivo evidence for that human G-MDSCs also promote tumor growth and myeloid immune cell exclusion.
A dichotomy of gene regulatory associations during the activated B-cell to plasmablast transitionAs human B-cells differentiate, IRF4 switches occupancy and acquires CTCF colocalisation and IRF4 regulatory output diverts from cell activation to plasma cell state genes in conjunction with XBP1, whereas BLIMP1 represses activation.
PGE2 accounts for bidirectional changes in alveolar macrophage self-renewal with aging and smokingDysregulation of self-renewal contributes to alterations in alveolar macrophages (AMs). In this study, Penke et al identify PGE2 as a suppressor of AM proliferation, whose divergent bioavailability in aged and cigarette smoke-exposed mice could explain opposite effects on AM numbers.