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Immunology

  • Reconstructing B-cell receptor sequences from short-read single-cell RNA sequencing with BRAPeS
    Open Access
    Reconstructing B-cell receptor sequences from short-read single-cell RNA sequencing with BRAPeS

    Shaked Afik, Gabriel Raulet, Nir Yosef

    Shaked Afik ... Nir Yosef

    Published 26 August 2019

    BRAPeS is a software for B-cell receptor reconstruction in single cells from very short (25–30 bp) read lengths, which achieves similar success rates and accuracy as applying other methods on long reads.

  • XIAP controls RIPK2 signaling by preventing its deposition in speck-like structures
    Open Access
    XIAP controls RIPK2 signaling by preventing its deposition in speck-like structures

    Kornelia Ellwanger, Selina Briese, Christine Arnold, Ioannis Kienes, Valentin Heim, Ueli Nachbur, Thomas A Kufer

    Kornelia Ellwanger ... Thomas A Kufer

    Published 26 July 2019

    This study provides evidence that the NOD1/2-associated kinase RIPK2 localizes to detergent insoluble cytosolic complexes upon activation and suggests novel regulatory mechanisms for RIPK2 signaling.

  • Inhibition of host NOX1 blocks tumor growth and enhances checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy
    Open Access
    Inhibition of host NOX1 blocks tumor growth and enhances checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy

    Jimmy Stalin, Sarah Garrido-Urbani, Freddy Heitz, Cédric Szyndralewiez, Stephane Jemelin, Oriana Coquoz, Curzio Ruegg, Beat A Imhof

    Jimmy Stalin ... Beat A Imhof

    Published 27 June 2019

    Blocking NOX1 with the novel small molecule inhibitor GKT771 inhibits tumor growth in mice by targeting tumor lymph/angiogenesis and promoting antitumor immune cells recruitment. GKT771 emerges as a novel and promising anticancer drug worth translating into the clinics.

  • Tumor-intrinsic response to IFNγ shapes the tumor microenvironment and anti–PD-1 response in NSCLC
    Open Access
    Tumor-intrinsic response to IFNγ shapes the tumor microenvironment and anti–PD-1 response in NSCLC

    Bonnie L Bullock, Abigail K Kimball, Joanna M Poczobutt, Alexander J Neuwelt, Howard Y Li, Amber M Johnson, Jeff W Kwak, Emily K Kleczko, Rachael E Kaspar, Emily K Wagner, Katharina Hopp, Erin L Schenk, Mary CM Weiser-Evans, Eric T Clambey, Raphael A Nemenoff

    Bonnie L Bullock ... Raphael A Nemenoff

    Published 27 May 2019

    Using an immunocompetent mouse model of NSCLC, this study demonstrates that tumor-intrinsic response to IFNγ determines response to anti–PD-1 through alterations in the tumor microenvironment.

  • MicroRNA-155 is essential for the optimal proliferation and survival of plasmablast B cells
    Open Access
    MicroRNA-155 is essential for the optimal proliferation and survival of plasmablast B cells

    Giuseppina Arbore, Tom Henley, Laura Biggins, Simon Andrews, Elena Vigorito, Martin Turner, Rebecca Leyland

    Giuseppina Arbore ... Rebecca Leyland

    Published 16 May 2019

    Tracking antigen-specific B cells in vivo since the onset of antigen stimulation shows that miR-155 regulates the early expansion of B-blasts and later on the optimal proliferation and survival of plasmablasts in a B-cell–intrinsic manner.

  • Chitinase 1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/SMAD7 pathway via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3
    Open Access
    Chitinase 1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/SMAD7 pathway via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3

    Chang-Min Lee, Chuan-Hua He, Jin Wook Park, Jae Hyun Lee, Suchita Kamle, Bing Ma, Bedia Akosman, Roberto Cotez, Emily Chen, Yang Zhou, Erica L Herzog, Changwan Ryu, Xueyan Peng, Ivan O Rosas, Sergio Poli, Carol Feghali Bostwick, Augustine M Choi, Jack A Elias, Chun Geun Lee

    Chang-Min Lee ... Chun Geun Lee

    Published 13 May 2019

    Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis by modulating canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling via interaction with TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3. These findings highlight the CHIT1/SMAD7 axis as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of pulmonary fibrosis.

  • Development of a new monoclonal antibody specific to mouse Vγ6 chain
    Open Access
    Development of a new monoclonal antibody specific to mouse Vγ6 chain

    Shinya Hatano, Xin Tun, Naoto Noguchi, Dan Yue, Hisakata Yamada, Xun Sun, Mitsuru Matsumoto, Yasunobu Yoshikai

    Shinya Hatano ... Yasunobu Yoshikai

    Published 7 May 2019

    Using a novel mAb specific to Vγ6 TCR, we find Vγ6+ γδT cells are located in association with medullary thymic epithelial cells and play crucial roles in protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection but are pathogenic in psoriasis-like dermatitis in agreement with earlier studies.

  • A dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating HBV cccDNA and RT-dependent particle genesis
    Open Access
    A dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating HBV cccDNA and RT-dependent particle genesis

    Peter AC Wing, Tamara Davenne, Jochen Wettengel, Alvina G Lai, Xiaodong Zhuang, Anindita Chakraborty, Valentina D’Arienzo, Catharina Kramer, Chunkyu Ko, James M Harris, Sabrina Schreiner, Martin Higgs, Stephanie Roessler, Joanna L Parish, Ulrike Protzer, Peter Balfe, Jan Rehwinkel, Jane A McKeating

    Peter AC Wing ... Jane A McKeating

    Published 27 March 2019

    Our study highlights a dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating hepatitis B virus cccDNA levels and reverse transcriptase–dependent particle genesis.

  • Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens
    Open Access
    Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens

    Chelsea L Cockburn, Ryan S Green, Sheela R Damle, Rebecca K Martin, Naomi N Ghahrai, Punsiri M Colonne, Marissa S Fullerton, Daniel H Conrad, Charles E Chalfant, Daniel E Voth, Elizabeth A Rucks, Stacey D Gilk, Jason A Carlyon

    Chelsea L Cockburn ... Jason A Carlyon

    Published 22 March 2019

    Many intracellular pathogens hijack cholesterol. Inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase alters cholesterol traffic to target different intracellular bacteria, signifying a host-directed approach for treating infectious disease.

  • Gene editing enables T-cell engineering to redirect antigen specificity for potent tumor rejection
    Open Access
    Gene editing enables T-cell engineering to redirect antigen specificity for potent tumor rejection

    Julian J Albers, Tim Ammon, Dario Gosmann, Stefan Audehm, Silvia Thoene, Christof Winter, Ramona Secci, Anja Wolf, Anja Stelzl, Katja Steiger, Jürgen Ruland, Florian Bassermann, Christian Kupatt, Martina Anton, Angela M Krackhardt

    Julian J Albers ... Angela M Krackhardt

    Published 15 March 2019

    Targeted integration of a tumor-reactive T-cell receptor into the TRAC locus using CRISPR-Cas9 and AAV6 redirects primary human T cells against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.

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