RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Stability of gut microbiome after COVID-19 vaccination in healthy and immuno-compromised individuals JF Life Science Alliance JO Life Sci. Alliance FD Life Science Alliance LLC SP e202302529 DO 10.26508/lsa.202302529 VO 7 IS 4 A1 Boston, Rebecca H A1 Guan, Rui A1 Kalmar, Lajos A1 Beier, Sina A1 Horner, Emily C A1 Beristain-Covarrubias, Nonantzin A1 Yam-Puc, Juan Carlos A1 Pereyra Gerber, Pehuén A1 Faria, Luisa A1 Kuroshchenkova, Anna A1 Lindell, Anna E A1 Blasche, Sonja A1 Correa-Noguera, Andrea A1 Elmer, Anne A1 Saunders, Caroline A1 Bermperi, Areti A1 Jose, Sherly A1 Kingston, Nathalie A1 , A1 Grigoriadou, Sofia A1 Staples, Emily A1 Buckland, Matthew S A1 Lear, Sara A1 Matheson, Nicholas J A1 Benes, Vladimir A1 Parkinson, Christine A1 Thaventhiran, James ED A1 Patil, Kiran R YR 2024 UL https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/7/4/e202302529.abstract AB Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the gut microbiota are key contributors to various physiological functions. Immune-associated diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity, and efficacy of immunomodulatory therapies, have been linked to microbiome variation. Although COVID-19 infection has been shown to cause microbial dysbiosis, it remains understudied whether the inflammatory response associated with vaccination also impacts the microbiota. Here, we investigate the temporal impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the gut microbiome in healthy and immuno-compromised individuals; the latter included patients with primary immunodeficiency and cancer patients on immunomodulating therapies. We find that the gut microbiome remained remarkably stable post-vaccination irrespective of diverse immune status, vaccine response, and microbial composition spanned by the cohort. The stability is evident at all evaluated levels including diversity, phylum, species, and functional capacity. Our results indicate the resilience of the gut microbiome to host immune changes triggered by COVID-19 vaccination and suggest minimal, if any, impact on microbiome-mediated processes. These findings encourage vaccine acceptance, particularly when contrasted with the significant microbiome shifts observed during COVID-19 infection.