RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Human milk inhibits some enveloped virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in an intestinal model
JF Life Science Alliance
JO Life Sci. Alliance
FD Life Science Alliance LLC
SP e202201432
DO 10.26508/lsa.202201432
VO 5
IS 12
A1 Ikrame Aknouch
A1 Adithya Sridhar
A1 Eline Freeze
A1 Francesca Paola Giugliano
A1 Britt J van Keulen
A1 Michelle Romijn
A1 Carlemi Calitz
A1 Inés García-Rodríguez
A1 Lance Mulder
A1 Manon E Wildenberg
A1 Vanesa Muncan
A1 Marit J van Gils
A1 Johannes B van Goudoever
A1 Koert J Stittelaar
A1 Katja C Wolthers
A1 Dasja Pajkrt
YR 2022
UL https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/5/12/e202201432.abstract
AB Human milk is important for antimicrobial defense in infants and has well demonstrated antiviral activity. We evaluated the protective ability of human milk against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a human fetal intestinal cell culture model. We found that, in this model, human milk blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication, irrespective of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies. Complete inhibition of both enveloped Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections was also observed, whereas no inhibition of non-enveloped enterovirus A71 infection was seen. Transcriptome analysis after 24 h of the intestinal monolayers treated with human milk showed large transcriptomic changes from human milk treatment, and subsequent analysis suggested that ATP1A1 down-regulation by milk might be of importance. Inhibition of ATP1A1 blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in our intestinal model, whereas no effect on EV-A71 infection was seen. Our data indicate that human milk has potent antiviral activity against particular (enveloped) viruses by potentially blocking the ATP1A1-mediated endocytic process.