RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster fosters B- and T-cell responses in immunocompromised patients JF Life Science Alliance JO Life Sci. Alliance FD Life Science Alliance LLC SP e202201381 DO 10.26508/lsa.202201381 VO 5 IS 6 A1 Elena Azzolini A1 Chiara Pozzi A1 Luca Germagnoli A1 Bianca Oresta A1 Nicola Carriglio A1 Mariella Calleri A1 Carlo Selmi A1 Maria De Santis A1 Silvia Finazzi A1 Carmelo Carlo-Stella A1 Alexia Bertuzzi A1 Francesca Motta A1 Angela Ceribelli A1 Alberto Mantovani A1 Fabrizio Bonelli A1 Maria Rescigno YR 2022 UL https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/5/6/e202201381.abstract AB SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven effective in inducing an immune response in healthy individuals and is progressively us allowing to overcome the pandemic. Recent evidence has shown that response to vaccination in some vulnerable patients may be diminished, and it has been proposed a booster dose. We tested the kinetic of development of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, their neutralizing capacity, the CD4 and CD8 IFN-γ T-cell response in 328 subjects, including 131 immunocompromised individuals (cancer, rheumatologic, and hemodialysis patients), 160 health-care workers (HCW) and 37 subjects older than 75 yr, after vaccination with two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We stratified the patients according to the type of treatment. We found that immunocompromised patients, depending on the type of treatment, poorly respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose of vaccine induced a good immune response in almost all of the patients except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody. Similarly to HCW, previously infected and vaccinated immunocompromised individuals demonstrate a stronger SARS-CoV-2–specific immune response than those who are vaccinated without prior infection.