PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Yukako Katsura
AU  - Toshimichi Ikemura
AU  - Rei Kajitani
AU  - Atsushi Toyoda
AU  - Takehiko Itoh
AU  - Mitsuaki Ogata
AU  - Ikuo Miura
AU  - Kennosuke Wada
AU  - Yoshiko Wada
AU  - Yoko Satta
TI  - Comparative genomics of <em>Glandirana rugosa</em> using unsupervised AI reveals a high CG frequency
AID  - 10.26508/lsa.202000905
DP  - 2021 May 01
TA  - Life Science Alliance
PG  - e202000905
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
4099  - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/4/5/e202000905.short
4100  - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/4/5/e202000905.full
SO  - Life Sci. Alliance2021 May 01; 4
AB  - The Japanese wrinkled frog (Glandirana rugosa) is unique in having both XX-XY and ZZ-ZW types of sex chromosomes within the species. The genome sequencing and comparative genomics with other frogs should be important to understand mechanisms of turnover of sex chromosomes within one species or during a short period. In this study, we analyzed the newly sequenced genome of G. rugosa using a batch-learning self-organizing map which is unsupervised artificial intelligence for oligonucleotide compositions. To clarify genome characteristics of G. rugosa, we compared its short oligonucleotide compositions in all 1-Mb genomic fragments with those of other six frog species (Pyxicephalus adspersus, Rhinella marina, Spea multiplicata, Leptobrachium leishanense, Xenopus laevis, and Xenopus tropicalis). In G. rugosa, we found an Mb-level large size of repeat sequences having a high identity with the W chromosome of the African bullfrog (P. adspersus). Our study concluded that G. rugosa has unique genome characteristics with a high CG frequency, and its genome is assumed to heterochromatinize a large size of genome via methylataion of CG.