RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Incipient sympatric speciation in wild barley caused by geological-edaphic divergence
JF Life Science Alliance
JO Life Sci. Alliance
FD Life Science Alliance LLC
SP e202000827
DO 10.26508/lsa.202000827
VO 3
IS 12
A1 Kexin Li
A1 Xifeng Ren
A1 Xiaoying Song
A1 Xiujuan Li
A1 Yu Zhou
A1 Eli Harlev
A1 Dongfa Sun
A1 Eviatar Nevo
YR 2020
UL https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/12/e202000827.abstract
AB Sympatric speciation (SS) has been contentious since the idea was suggested by Darwin. Here, we show in wild barley SS due to geologic and edaphic divergence in “Evolution Plateau,” Upper Galilee, Israel. Our whole genome resequencing data showed SS separating between the progenitor old Senonian chalk and abutting derivative young Pleistocene basalt wild barley populations. The basalt wild barley species unfolds larger effective population size, lower recombination rates, and larger genetic diversity. Both species populations show similar descending trend ∼200,000 yr ago associated with the last glacial maximum. Coalescent demography analysis indicates that SS was local, primary, in situ, and not due to a secondary contact from ex situ allopatric population. Adaptive divergent putatively selected genes were identified in both populations. Remarkably, disease resistant genes were selected in the wet basalt population, and genes related to flowering time, leading to temporal reproductive isolation, were selected in the chalk population. The evidence substantiates adaptive ecological SS in wild barley, highlighting the genome landscape during SS with gene flow, due to geologic-edaphic divergence.