TY - JOUR T1 - Incipient sympatric speciation in wild barley caused by geological-edaphic divergence JF - Life Science Alliance JO - Life Sci. Alliance DO - 10.26508/lsa.202000827 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - e202000827 AU - Kexin Li AU - Xifeng Ren AU - Xiaoying Song AU - Xiujuan Li AU - Yu Zhou AU - Eli Harlev AU - Dongfa Sun AU - Eviatar Nevo Y1 - 2020/12/01 UR - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/12/e202000827.abstract N2 - Sympatric speciation (SS) has been contentious since the idea was suggested by Darwin. Here, we show in wild barley SS due to geologic and edaphic divergence in “Evolution Plateau,” Upper Galilee, Israel. Our whole genome resequencing data showed SS separating between the progenitor old Senonian chalk and abutting derivative young Pleistocene basalt wild barley populations. The basalt wild barley species unfolds larger effective population size, lower recombination rates, and larger genetic diversity. Both species populations show similar descending trend ∼200,000 yr ago associated with the last glacial maximum. Coalescent demography analysis indicates that SS was local, primary, in situ, and not due to a secondary contact from ex situ allopatric population. Adaptive divergent putatively selected genes were identified in both populations. Remarkably, disease resistant genes were selected in the wet basalt population, and genes related to flowering time, leading to temporal reproductive isolation, were selected in the chalk population. The evidence substantiates adaptive ecological SS in wild barley, highlighting the genome landscape during SS with gene flow, due to geologic-edaphic divergence. ER -