PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Dorothea Bestle AU - Miriam Ruth Heindl AU - Hannah Limburg AU - Thuy Van Lam van AU - Oliver Pilgram AU - Hong Moulton AU - David A Stein AU - Kornelia Hardes AU - Markus Eickmann AU - Olga Dolnik AU - Cornelius Rohde AU - Hans-Dieter Klenk AU - Wolfgang Garten AU - Torsten Steinmetzer AU - Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser TI - TMPRSS2 and furin are both essential for proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway cells AID - 10.26508/lsa.202000786 DP - 2020 Sep 01 TA - Life Science Alliance PG - e202000786 VI - 3 IP - 9 4099 - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/9/e202000786.short 4100 - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/9/e202000786.full SO - Life Sci. Alliance2020 Sep 01; 3 AB - The novel emerged SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world causing acute infection of the respiratory tract (COVID-19) that can result in severe disease and lethality. For SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells, its surface glycoprotein spike (S) must be cleaved at two different sites by host cell proteases, which therefore represent potential drug targets. In the present study, we show that S can be cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin at the S1/S2 site and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) at the S2′ site. We demonstrate that TMPRSS2 is essential for activation of SARS-CoV-2 S in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells through antisense-mediated knockdown of TMPRSS2 expression. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 replication was also strongly inhibited by the synthetic furin inhibitor MI-1851 in human airway cells. In contrast, inhibition of endosomal cathepsins by E64d did not affect virus replication. Combining various TMPRSS2 inhibitors with furin inhibitor MI-1851 produced more potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 than an equimolar amount of any single serine protease inhibitor. Therefore, this approach has considerable therapeutic potential for treatment of COVID-19.