RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC JF Life Science Alliance JO Life Sci. Alliance FD Life Science Alliance LLC SP e201800093 DO 10.26508/lsa.201800093 VO 1 IS 6 A1 Schierer, Stefan A1 Ostalecki, Christian A1 Zinser, Elisabeth A1 Lamprecht, Ricarda A1 Plosnita, Bianca A1 Stich, Lena A1 Dörrie, Jan A1 Lutz, Manfred B A1 Schuler, Gerold A1 Baur, Andreas S YR 2018 UL http://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/1/6/e201800093.abstract AB During inflammation, murine and human monocytes can develop into dendritic cells (DC), but this process is not entirely understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mature human DC (maDC) differentiate peripheral monocytes into immature DC, expressing a unique marker pattern, including 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan), Zbtb46, CD64, and CD14. While EV from both maDC and immature DC differentiated monocytes similar to GM-CSF/IL-4 stimulation, only maDC-EV produced precursors, which upon maturation stimulus developed into T-cell–activating and IL-12p70–secreting maDC. Mechanistically, maDC-EV induced cell signaling through GM-CSF, which was abundant in EV as were IL-4 and other cytokines and chemokines. When injected into the mouse skin, murine maDC-EV attracted immune cells including monocytes that developed activation markers typical for inflammatory cells. Skin-injected EV also reached lymph nodes, causing a similar immune cell infiltration. We conclude that DC-derived EV likely serve to perpetuate an immune reaction and may contribute to chronic inflammation.