TY - JOUR T1 - Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC JF - Life Science Alliance JO - Life Sci. Alliance DO - 10.26508/lsa.201800093 VL - 1 IS - 6 SP - e201800093 AU - Stefan Schierer AU - Christian Ostalecki AU - Elisabeth Zinser AU - Ricarda Lamprecht AU - Bianca Plosnita AU - Lena Stich AU - Jan Dörrie AU - Manfred B Lutz AU - Gerold Schuler AU - Andreas S Baur Y1 - 2018/12/01 UR - https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/1/6/e201800093.abstract N2 - During inflammation, murine and human monocytes can develop into dendritic cells (DC), but this process is not entirely understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mature human DC (maDC) differentiate peripheral monocytes into immature DC, expressing a unique marker pattern, including 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan), Zbtb46, CD64, and CD14. While EV from both maDC and immature DC differentiated monocytes similar to GM-CSF/IL-4 stimulation, only maDC-EV produced precursors, which upon maturation stimulus developed into T-cell–activating and IL-12p70–secreting maDC. Mechanistically, maDC-EV induced cell signaling through GM-CSF, which was abundant in EV as were IL-4 and other cytokines and chemokines. When injected into the mouse skin, murine maDC-EV attracted immune cells including monocytes that developed activation markers typical for inflammatory cells. Skin-injected EV also reached lymph nodes, causing a similar immune cell infiltration. We conclude that DC-derived EV likely serve to perpetuate an immune reaction and may contribute to chronic inflammation. ER -