PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Soula, Anaïs AU - Valere, Mélissa AU - López-González, María-José AU - Ury-Thiery, Vicky AU - Groppi, Alexis AU - Landry, Marc AU - Nikolski, Macha AU - Favereaux, Alexandre TI - Small RNA-Seq reveals novel miRNAs shaping the transcriptomic identity of rat brain structures AID - 10.26508/lsa.201800018 DP - 2018 Oct 01 TA - Life Science Alliance PG - e201800018 VI - 1 IP - 5 4099 - http://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/1/5/e201800018.short 4100 - http://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/1/5/e201800018.full SO - Life Sci. Alliance2018 Oct 01; 1 AB - In the central nervous system (CNS), miRNAs are involved in key functions, such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, they are essential to define specific transcriptomes in tissues and cells. However, few studies were performed to determine the miRNome of the different structures of the rat CNS, although a major model in neuroscience. Here, we determined by small RNA-Seq, the miRNome of the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus, the cortex, the striatum, and the spinal cord and showed the expression of 365 known miRNAs and 90 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that several miRNAs were specifically enriched/depleted in these CNS structures. Transcriptome analysis by mRNA-Seq and correlation based on miRNA target predictions suggest that the specifically enriched/depleted miRNAs have a strong impact on the transcriptomic identity of the CNS structures. Altogether, these results suggest the critical role played by these enriched/depleted miRNAs, in particular the novel miRNAs, in the functional identities of CNS structures.