Aging
PGE2 accounts for bidirectional changes in alveolar macrophage self-renewal with aging and smokingDysregulation of self-renewal contributes to alterations in alveolar macrophages (AMs). In this study, Penke et al identify PGE2 as a suppressor of AM proliferation, whose divergent bioavailability in aged and cigarette smoke-exposed mice could explain opposite effects on AM numbers.
Profiles of histidine-rich glycoprotein associate with age and risk of all-cause mortalityAffinity-based proteomics assays identify particular profiles of the circulating histidine-rich glycoprotein to increase with age and elevated levels to indicate a higher risk of all-cause mortality.
USP30 sets a trigger threshold for PINK1–PARKIN amplification of mitochondrial ubiquitylationA new inhibitor of the deubiquitylase USP30, an actionable target relevant to Parkinson’s Disease, is introduced and characterised for parameters related to mitophagy.
Cx3cr1-deficient microglia exhibit a premature aging transcriptomeGyoneva et al use RNA-seq to show that Cx3cr1-deficient microglia in young mice display a gene expression profile similar to microglia in aged mice, suggesting premature microglial aging.
Glycine cleavage system determines the fate of pluripotent stem cells via the regulation of senescence and epigenetic modificationsThe glycine cleavage system (GCS) is highly activated to promote stem cell pluripotency. The GCS catabolizes glycine to prevent methylglyoxal accumulation and to fuel H3K4me3 modification, promoting the expression of pluripotency genes.
Dietary restriction induces posttranscriptional regulation of longevity genesBy modulating posttranscriptional processes, including RNA editing, miRNA biogenesis, and intron retention, dietary restriction enacts some of its pro-longevity benefits in Caenorhabditis elegans through posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
Opposing Roles of apolipoprotein E in aging and neurodegenerationThis study investigates how APOE modulates neuronal function integrity during normal aging and in the context of amyloidosis. This work demonstrates that APOE is a necessary partner of Aβ-dependent neuronal dysfunction and synaptotoxicity but also preserves neuronal network during aging.
d-amino acid oxidase promotes cellular senescence via the production of reactive oxygen speciesThis study reveals a novel role of d-amino acid oxidase in promoting cellular senescence induced by genotoxic stresses via enzymatic generation of reactive oxygen species.
Mitochondrial ubiquinone–mediated longevity is marked by reduced cytoplasmic mRNA translationThis study uses polysomal RNA sequencing to show that the translational efficiency of specific mRNA changes in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans with reduced ubiquinone synthesis.