Regulation of the Histone H4 Monomethylase PR-Set7 by CRL4^Cdt2-Mediated PCNA-Dependent Degradation during DNA Damage

Summary

The histone methyltransferase PR-Set7/Set8 is the sole enzyme that catalyzes monomethylation of histone H4 at K20 (H4K20me1). Previous reports document disparate evidence regarding PR-Set7 expression during the cell cycle, the biological relevance of PR-Set7 interaction with PCNA, and its role in the cell. We find that PR-Set7 is indeed undetectable during S phase and instead is detected during late G2, mitosis, and early G1. PR-Set7 is transiently recruited to laser-induced DNA damage sites through its interaction with PCNA, after which 53BP1 is recruited dependent on PR-Set7 catalytic activity. During the DNA damage response, PR-Set7 interaction with PCNA through a specialized “PIP degron” domain targets it for PCNA-coupled CRL4^Cdt2-dependent proteolysis. PR-Set7 mutant in its “PIP degron” is now detectable during S phase, during which the mutant protein accumulates. Outside the chromatin context, Skp2 promotes PR-Set7 degradation as well. These findings demonstrate a stringent spatiotemporal control of PR-Set7 that is essential for preserving the genomic integrity of mammalian cells.